Why are my pie charts not displaying correctly in the Numbers app?

If you haven't do so already be sure to have a look at the 'Charting Basics' template at File > New in the menu. It contains working examples.

In general you don't want to have one big grid of cells (as in Excel and in your screenshot). You want a smaller, special purpose data table for your chart.

For 'category' charts you want the column with the labels defined as a Header Column. For x-y charts, on the other hand, you generally do not want a column defined as a Header Column.

Add column, bar, line, area, pie, donut, and radar charts in Numbers on Mac - Apple Support

Select data to make a chart in Numbers on Mac - Apple Support

SG

Taking a second look at your tables, maybe column A is already a header column but you are using it as a border not as a header column? The chart labels (or X axis values for line and bar charts) should be in the header column. It doesn't have to be that way but Numbers expects it and it is more work for you if you don't do it that way.

All charts other than the scatter chart expect column A to be a header column. Make it a header column then create the chart. That is the simplest path to success.