Same exact issue here as well. Of note, widgets from iPhone are broken too in addition to this.
Was on M3 Air and migrated via Thunderbolt to a M2 Max Macbook.
Summary:
M3 Air, original login:
Mirroring - Works
Handoff - Works
iPhone Notification Mirroring - Works
iPhone widgets on Mac - Works
Migrated Max from M3 -> Thunderbolt connection on my migrated login:
Mirroring - Works just fine
Handoff - the little app icons show up for handoff work just fine
iPhone Notification Mirroring - does not work.
iPhone widgets on Mac - does not work
Of note on the migrated Max - I created a new account, logged into my iCloud and all the functionality is now working.
Mirroring, Handoff, Notifications, Widgets. All good - on the migrated mac. But it's not the account I want to be on, I have a ton of preferences/settings/logins that would be a nightmare to move over, and I don't want to deal with the potential pitfalls of unix UID 502 vs 501
I have created a support ticket with zero traction. I have gone through multiple hard drive wipes -> migrations at this point. Done every combination of logging on/off my iCloud account in combination of wiping the connection for phone mirroring/handoff/and all that. I'm sad. I miss my notifications.
I can confirm my App Store is logged in as me as well. I've tried to nuke some settings to no avail. Went to latest dev beta and back to no luck either. I'm at a loss and am sad about it