Cannot add credit card to Apple Wallet. Error: "Card Device Limit" reached.

I just received a new phone. The new phone was restored from the backup of my previous phone. Nevertheless, my Apple Wallet was empty. I tried to add one of my credit cards to the new phone's Apple Wallet. I am getting the error message: "Card Device Limit. This card cannot be added until it is removed from one of the other device." This is not helpful because it provides no information on what devices have the card. I removed the card from my previous phone. In fact, I cannot add the card to that previous phone either! Same message.

So what devices have this card added? Is it another device with an Apple wallet? I am not aware of any fraudulent uses of my card. I tried to remove my old phone "device" from my new phone, but it is saying I have to wait one week. Can I go online to remove the old phone from my list of devices, and hopefully clear this problem? Can I access a database that lists which devices are accessing this card? It's very suspicious to me that I removed the card from my old phone and I still get this message. Seems like a bug.