That you might have a new iPhone is irrelevant. The trust store is part of the operating system, and the contents of the trust store are (in longstanding practice) common across iPhone, iPad, and Mac.
Apple updates the contents of the trust store when necessary. Not on any particular schedule. If a certificate authority vendor has not been added or removed, and if existing root certificates need no changes, then there is no need to alter and re-publish and re-ship the trust store.
When an update to the trust store is needed, the trust store update then ships with the next associated operating system releases, and continues to be part of subsequent releases until the next trust store update.
2024051501 is the current trust store for iOS 18.3.2, iPadOS 18.3.2, and macOS 15.3.2.
An not-always-current history of trust stores: Available root certificates for Apple operating systems - Apple Support
Here are the certificates associated with the 2024040500 trust store (00, not 01), directly from what Apple uses to build the trust store:
https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/security_certificates/tree/security_certificates-55297.120.3
Here is the asset version showing the 2024040500 asset version number (note: this is the base build 00, not 01, and I’m not going to go hunt around for the link to the 01 build right now):
https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/security_certificates/blob/security_certificates-55297.120.3/config/AssetVersion.plist
Here is the path to the referenced GitHub source code directly available from and documented on the main Apple website:
https://opensource.apple.com/releases/
Per Apple: “The trust store version is a number in the format YYYYMMDDNN, where YYYY is the year, MM is the month, DD is the day, and NN is the build number. By convention, NN=00 for base builds that will ship with an OS release, and a non-zero value for asset builds that ship as a standalone update. For example, 2015011900 indicates the trust store contents were changed on 19 Jan 2015, and this is a base build. If the trust store is being produced as a standalone update, this could be 2015011901 instead.”