If you need to clear space follow these instructions: Optimize storage space on your Mac - Apple Support
Cache files exist to optimize performance and log files are expected to be present for the apps and processes that generate them. If you delete either or both you are certain to experience degraded performance, and depending on just what you delete the performance degradation will persist until you erase the Mac and reconfigure it. Reinstalling macOS may not help. The reason for the uncertainty is the variety of programs, apps, and processes that rely upon them. They may misbehave if they are unable to write to cache or log files expected to be present.
To clear cache files maintained by the system perform a "Safe Boot" Start up your Mac in safe mode - Apple Support. Then, restart normally. To clear cache files maintained by third party products consult their instructions.
Summary: never delete files arbitrarily, including cache file, log files, or anything else, and always have a contingency plan should that file deletion inflict unexpected damage.
Comment: if 10 GB is sufficient to cause concern, you probably need a Mac with more storage capacity.