How can I disable Stolen Device Protection without Face ID on iPhone 11?

Your have to log onto iCloud.com/find on the web then select your iPhone from the list and remove from account. That doesn’t require Face ID and will turn off Activation Lock (Stolen Device Protection). Then you can turn Find My back on after and Stolen Device Protection will remain turned off.

Use the Passcode instead.

See the pic below which is self-explanatory

Probably you have "Always" Ticked in place of "Away from Familiar Location"

For enhanced security, there's a one-hour delay when changing your location settings from "Always" to "Away from Familiar Location." This applies even if you use Face ID for authentication.



A delay will be required when you are not at a familiar location, such as your home or work, to change security settings.

Know more --> About Stolen Device Protection for iPhone

Just making an observation as this issue has been known and there is no clear solution to it. From SravanKrA’s pictures, Require Security Delay was set to “Away from Familiar Locations”. From the OP’s picture, it was set to “Always on”. They both got different results.

I have yet to test it as my Face ID works but perhaps you can continue to tap Try Again with “Away From Familiar Locations turned on”. But not for “Always on” and you must follow my other path as stated above. Feel free to chime in as I would also like to know.