If you had an iCloud Backup beforehand, you will be able to restore all your data which includes your photos. If so, you will be able to restore as much as your storage could hold.
Also you not being able to track your stolen iPhone’s location doesn’t necessarily mean it’s broken. It’s also likely that the thieves have tampered with your iPhone so it cannot transmit its location.
I would advise you to turn on Lost Mode, report it to your carrier and local law enforcement. If your iPhone shows up, do not follow it, that can put your safety at risk. Instead as I stated, contact local law enforcement.
You may get some messages claiming to be from Apple or Apple Support stating your iPhone has been found, but do not interact with those or click any links. That is the thief which is trying to get you to remove your iPhone from Find My, making the device fully usable to them. Also, Apple will never contact you saying your device was found.
Please also take a look at the following article ⇢
If your iPhone or iPad was stolen - Apple Support