Can I recover Photos from a deleted Apple ID

The photos are in the old account. If you deleted the account and cannot now get Apple to reinstate it, the photos are gone forever.

You could try to get it working again, as outlined in: How to delete your Apple Account - Apple Support

"What happens if I change my mind after I have requested that my account be deleted?

While your request is being processed, you can contact Apple Support [call them at a telephone number for your country --> Contact Apple for support and service - Apple Support ] with the unique alphanumeric access code you received, and we’ll help you cancel your request. After your account is deleted, Apple can't cancel the request, reopen your account, or restore your data."

Another reason why they are gone is because you may not have selected to keep them on the phone when you signed out of the first account. You are presented with an option to keep items, and which ones. If you can get the old account working again, read How to use Shared Albums in Photos on your iPhone, iPad, and Mac - Apple Support

to share from your old account to the new one.