I have this problem as well, Apple Intelligence was turned on on my M2 Mac mini, but image playground was not returning anything. I looked at the image of the settings for Apple Intelligence and noticed that the examples here had items under the Apple Intelligence category and mine had none. So I used the customer service magic trick. I turned it off and turned it on again. It seems to have loaded something ...

but there is still no description under "Apple Intelligence" now. I wonder if it is loading something in the background and I just can't see it. I'll try again later.

One difference is that it does look like it is synched with my phone as I see a couple of images I generated on my phone in the app on my mac now. Still very strange, but if most people see Apple Intelligence details in settings , the lack of these items is probably part of the problem.