M1 MacBook Pro not recognising external Keyboard until in Recovery Mode

Using macOS Sonoma I have some possibly faulty keys, my external USB A keyboard is not recognised when the login screen is present. After booting into recovery mode I can enter my password via the external keyboard and have resinstalled OSX. On rebooting again the external keyboard is not recognised.

I’m using an Apple UBA to USBC adapter that has pass through power and an HDMI adapter so it’s unlikely the power draw of the keyboard is the issue.

I’m looking for a way to enable the external keyboard permanently.

Another quirk here is that the diagnostic utility doesn’t show any issues with the internal keyboard or any of the hardware.

I did run the disc utility but no issues were reported.