Saving iCloud data to iPhone then deleting it from iCloud?

Context: Last month I got an iPhone 13 Pro as an upgrade from my 11 Pro. I had ~250GB of data to transfer from the old phone to the new one, and none of the physical transfer methods were working. So I bought 2TB of iCloud storage and backed up my photos, text messages, notes app, etc. Then I set up my iPhone 13 Pro as a new phone and set it up with the same iCloud, and I have access to my old text messages, notes, and all of my 30k+ photos.

Question: How do I download everything from iCloud to my iPhone’s physical storage so that I can delete it from my iCloud storage and cancel my 2TB subscription? My new phone has 512GB, so more than enough storage to download everything from the ~250GB. I just cannot figure out how to download everything and delete it from iCloud without worrying about losing things in the process. How would I go about that? Any help would be greatly appreciated.