Followup:
First, I found that protonVPN worked using IKEv2
Next, this solution from IVPN also worked, using the wireguard client on the Mac App store instead of the IVPN client.
Reply from IVPN:
This is a known issue with macOS 15 and our development team is investigating.
Currently, the only known solution involves using a manual WireGuard connection using the official WireGuard client instead of using the IVPN App:
https://www.ivpn.net/setup/macos-wireguard/
The IVPN App's firewall and routing policies tend to be very restrictive with respect to preventing leaks. The official WireGuard client is permissive enough to allow the Apple applications to operate as expected, like allowing iMessages to go through.
You might prefer to run a leak test or two before connecting the VPN and after connecting to verify that nothing leaks:
https://www.dnsleaktest.com/
https://browserleaks.com/ip