How do I unlock my locked Apple ID on my iPhone

Contact Apple Support about that, only they can help in this situation:

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If you see a message that says "Your account has been disabled in the App Store and iTunes," there might be a problem with the payment method that you have on file.

When you see the message, don't try to edit any of your account information. Instead, contact Apple Support for help.

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copied from: If you see a message that says 'Your account has been disabled in the App Store and iTunes' - Apple Support

Hello,

If a message says 'Your Media & Purchases account has been disabled' - Apple Support or "You cannot login because your account has been locked", you might be able to request reactivation by tapping Continue right from the alert. If that does not work, Apple provides a link with three options for this specific issue. Tap or click here and choose the self help method, or a contact option ➞ https://getsupport.apple.com/?caller=kbase&PGF=PGF63005&category_id=SC0245&symptom_id=23362 .

or for additional telephone contacts refer to: Contact Apple for support and service - Apple Support