Copy and Paste duplicates of the audio clip into the timeline as necessary. That will increase the audio playing time. You can also copy and paste small portions of the audio clip at places where you can do so without disrupting the overall sound experience.
An audio clip's duration is limited to the duration of its original recording. It will not
adjust to fit the video absent manual adjustments made by the user. You can slow down
the audio clip to increase its playing time, although too much will cause distortion. You can
reduce or speed up the video portions, or of selected clips, to shorten or increase
its playing time.
iPhone iMovie is a different app than Mac iMovie. What works on one may not work on the other, as you have found.
-- Rich