Do I have to partition my hard drive to use Windows on my MacBook?

if it has an intel cpu then read

Install Windows 10 with Boot Camp - Apple Support

and yes, you will have to remove some of the storage from the macOS partition to use bootcamp

if you wish to avoid doing so then you will have to resort to running windows in a virtual machine where the windos storage will just be a file on the macOS partition

If you are using the MacBook Pro M1 from 2020 from the footer, that is Apple silicon Arm AArch64 and not Intel x86-64, and Boot Camp is not an option on Apple silicon.

You will need to install and use a virtual machine such as Parallels and Windows for Arm, or install and use a virtual machine with emulation support such as UTM or such and Windows for Intel.

Performance in emulation probably won’t be great.

crash041 wrote:

What if I were to use my iMac desktop? It's a 2017-era Quad-core Retina4K. Can I simply run Bootcamp from my hard drive as it is, or do I have to partition my hard drive? I would really like to not have to partition my hard drive if I don't have to...

Boot Camp fundamentally involves storage partitioning.

Installing Windows for Intel as a guest of Parallels or another* virtual machine can run Windows as a guest, at nearly full speed. This does require a fair amount of physical memory in addition to the necessary storage, as Windows is not small. The storage is a large-to-enormous file, not a partition.

*I’d tend to avoid VMware options here, given Broadcom’s recent business and pricing 📈changes.