So I've had the opposite experience where it's only ever worked on Vulkan. Switching to OpenGL gets me nowhere sadly.
I was running CK3 with next to no issues on MacOS Ventura 13.6.7. Unfortunately, 2 days ago, I finally relented after a million reminders from my computer to update to Sonoma and it basically threw my whole computer for a loop and it took me the entirety of the day + 90min of apple care support to get certain basic functionalities (like moving files around) working again. It also has caused some weird stuff with iCloud which may or may not be interfering with CK3.
I performed a complete wipe of all Paradox related files on my computer (in Steam, in Documents/Paradox Interactive, and also the Paradox Launcher). Based on PDX online forums, apparently running stuff on Mac has been a known issue for a while, but it doesn't seem like anything has been done to fix it.
As a last ditch effort I followed the instructions here (adjusting for CK3 and not EU4), and eventually, I actually did have some limited success where CK3 did in fact load. However, that was short lived since by noon the next day, the game wouldn't load up past the screen where it says "Initializing Game" in the top left corner.
TLDR: I tried a few things, had some brief limited success, but ultimately there seems to be a direct issue stemming from certain PDX games not being able to run on certain recent MacOS.
[Edited by Moderator]