Thank you for all of your help and suggestions.
I originally created my Apple ID through icloud.com on my Android device and then continued in setting up my son's iPhone and account. Unfortunately, due to Apple's restrictions I cannot sign out of the phone at all. The other issue is that the web based Apple interfaces do not allow interaction with his device or ID/account. I will have to try again tonight to see if it let's me approve the app request in person.
I spent over an hour this morning with Apple support and they were of no help. But I have a call scheduled with a senior advisor for this evening to hopefully resolve this issue.
Assuming that I cannot "approve in person", the best I can figure is to either
- change my son's birthday in AppleID to something over age 13,
- Factory reset the phone and create a new AppleID for him with an age over 13,
- Purchase ANOTHER Apple device to use as the parent/control device, or
- Return phone and get an Android device.
I think the big issue is that I created an adult AppleID via a web browser and not an actually device, which limited my ability to fully set up the family sharing aspects of the phone. The other issue is that there should have been a lot more information related to restrictions and access during setup. There was a base assumption during setup that another iPhone or iPad was present, which should have been my 1st clue that I was going to have problems.