when you force touch (CMD + UP) on the icon in the dock, you see the opened windows, unless you minimized windows, those show up as screenshots below. ... again its a real mess, you should be able to tap the icon and cycle through all the windows, minimized or not.
you can also 2 finger tap on the icon, that brings up a menu.
you can also 3 finger swipe up and see all the non minimized windows.
apple desktop s*cks bigtime, if apple is smart they ditch their dev team right away and switch to a linux kernel with a wayland gnome D.E, not being able to install a windows manager / desktop environment of choice like you can is killing me. even compared to ubuntu the apple desktop is falling short on so many aspects its has become broken and not usable for work.
its so bad i run UTM and containers, but apple should really work with the linux community and bring native Apple silicon support to bare metal for the ipad and macbooks. there is Asahi, but they need HWE support, but at the moment apple has their head in the sand and not helping them out.
the only good thing apple has going right now is it hardware, but even those specs often lack years behind (esp wifi/ether is not 10G), its costing apple to much time and energy to develop and maintain firmware on their own. it slowly is becoming another blackberry that can't keep up with its time.
linux also makes more sense in business since practically the whole world runs linux and open source applications, from servers to gaming platforms, there is really no need anymore for niche and silo-ed operating systems like windows and macos.