Regular disk errors even after reformat!

Try to "Restore" the firmware to see if you still get the corruption. Unfortunately you will need access to another Mac running macOS 12.4+. If you still have the issue after restoring the firmware, then you most likely have a hardware issue which will need repaired (most likely the Logic Board since the CPU, memory, and SSD are all integrated into the Logic Board). FYI, a firmware "Restore" will destroy all data on the internal SSD. This is usually the last troubleshooting step before a repair.

Out of curiosity, you can try checking the SMART health attributes of the SSD. Unfortunately there are very few health attributes on the newer SSDs, but it would be interesting to see them. Normally I suggest using DriveDx, but the download button has been broken for over a month now even after I reported the issue to them. The next best option is to use SMARTReporter to get the health information from the SSD. Within SMARTReporter, click "Disk Checks" button at the top of the app window, then select make sure the "S.M.A.R.T" tab just below is selected, and finally selecting "Advanced Tools" tab in the middle of the window. Click on "Show Attributes" button for the desired drive. Copy all the text within that window showing the health information and paste it into the "Additional Text" tool whose icon looks like a piece of paper.

FYI, these types of drive health monitoring apps work well for assessing the health of a hard drive, but need to have the information manually reviewed for SSDs to know whether an error or warning condition is actually an issue or just something to keep an eye on. Not all warnings or errors with drive health information is fatal when it comes to SSDs. In fact I have kept using many SSDs for years that had reported errors (some are SSDs which had macOS show as "SMART status failed"). Unfortunately even someone experienced at interpreting SSD health information has trouble really knowing when some errors are really a problem or not since the information being reported these days by recent SSDs is so limited.

Good job figuring out the reason for the Restore failure. Apple's cryptic error messages are a real pain especially using procedures like this which don't allow you any way to tell what is happening. The Apple Configurator interface is less than ideal as well.

I hope it resolves those errors, but from what I've seen with the USB-C Macs (2018+), the issue is almost always an expensive Logic Board failure. I really hope I'm wrong for your sake.

Good luck.