MacOS solved the "drives larger than 2.2TB" issue in 10.4 Tiger. Your Mac Pro was released after that, so it has always supported larger drives.
The current limit for drive size is over 8 million Terabytes, far larger than any drive you can buy today.
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If Drive SPEED is what you seek, there are Solid State Drives SSD drives you could install in a drive bay for comparable amounts of money that can attain nominal 550 M Bytes/sec speeds, about 10 times faster than the fastest Rotating Magnetic drives.
Next higher is a simple x4 PCIe card (under US$30 for the empty card) that could provide nominal 1500 M Bytes/sec in your Mac Pro 5,1. Installation is slightly more complex, because you must apply heat transfer tape to the SSD card and bolt on a heatsink (included in the kits).
ThunderBolt Macs can get up to nominal 2500 M Bytes/sec on an SSD drive in a ThunderBolt-3 enclosure. PCIe-3 Macs like the 2019 MacPro may get nominal 3,500 M Bytes/sec in a PCIe-slot card SSD, provided the drive is fast enough.
RAID is not a subject you should bring up lightly or in passing. MacOS will not BOOT from a RAID set. RAID is complex and its paybacks are often limited in unexpected ways. You should definitely start a new discussion about your plans for RAID.