I have the same issue, and can describe it more precisely after 2 hours on the phone with Apple support.
We have a variety of Macs on our network. Most are running Monterey, but one Mac Studio Ultra shipped with Ventura and is currently running 13.2.1. Most of our computers have external SSD drives attached, and we regularly transfer files among these across the network. The Ultra can view and access documents on any of our computers, but none of the other Macs can view documents at the root level of the SSDs attached to the Ultra.
To be more specific, other Macs on our network can successfully log in to the Ultra and see all of the external drives attached to it. They can access the user folder on the Ultra and any files on the internal SSD, and they can access the contents of any shared folders on the external SSDs attached to the Ultra. What they cannot do is view or access documents at the root level of those drives.
It is possible, as a workaround, to share individual folders at the root level of the Ultra's external drives. This enables other Macs on the network to view and access their contents. To access an entire folder, it must reside inside a shared folder.
As I pointed out to the senior Apple advisor I spoke with, this breaks a longstanding functionality. And it adds additional, time-consuming steps to our workflow: if a user in room A needs to access certain files in room B, he must now ask the user in room A to move those files into a shared folder--which forces both users to interrupt their work. The alternative is to keep all of the files on the Ultra's external drives in a shared folder, but this creates an additional hierarchy to be navigated, and has consequences for how applications locate files, and how we back them up. So this is a bug that needs to be fixed ASAP.
And it is clearly a bug, because if a user attempts to access any of the Ultra's external drives directly--as we have always been able to do--he is greeted with an endless spinning gear that blocks any further SMB activity on the Ultra until the client machine is restarted.
We of course have tried all the usual troubleshooting, both independently and with the assistance of Apple support. Apple found no problems with our systems or settings and conceded that this is an issue with the current version of Ventura. The senior advisor I spoke with was unwilling to call it a "bug," since it is possible to share files on the Ultra's external drives using the workaround described above. Hopefully Apple engineers will see this bug for what it is, and fix it.