Your recipients don't need to know how Dropbox works and they don't need a Dropbox account.
You instruct dropbox to send a link to your recipients of the images you want to share, the recipients click the link in the email they receive and it downloads to their computer.
Q1
When exported from Keynote, the JPEG will print better as it is an exact copy of the original, the PDF is is a compressed [lower resolution] version of the original.
Q2
The easy way to identify the images that have to be copied is to select each image in turn in the Data folder finder will display the file information, no need to open the image in Preview,
1 - the images will have the original file name
2 - the file size will be the same as the original, the file size will be shown in beside the file name:
3 - it will not be labeled "small"
Example from the Data folder

Q3
You save a copy of the images from the DATA folder, then use the copied images to send out to your recipients
You must not place these images back in Keynote in any way, you would just be going round in circles and you would corrupt the Keynote file in doing so.