Hi p.xu,
Welcome to Apple Support Communities. We understand that you're having an issue with your refresh rate of your external display. We'd like to help.
From what you've shared, we were able to piece together some things that may help you.
First, let's have you start off with using Adaptive Sync to see if this helps:
Use an Adaptive Sync external display with your Mac
Some Mac models support Adaptive Sync, a display technology that enables a variable refresh rate that adapts to the frame rate of your content.
What you need
To use a variable refresh rate on an Adaptive Sync display, you need macOS Monterey or later and one of these Mac models:
* Any Mac with Apple silicon
* Any of these Intel-based Mac models:
* MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2020, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
* MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019)
* MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
* iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2020)
* Mac Pro (2019) when used with any of these Radeon Pro MPX modules: W5500X, W5700X, W6800X, W6900X, or W6800X Duo
For best performance, connect your Adaptive Sync display to the Thunderbolt
port of your Mac using a Thunderbolt, USB-C, or other DisplayPort-enabled cable. Do not use an HDMI cable or adapter.
How to turn Adaptive Sync on or off
macOS Ventura or later:
1. Choose Apple menu > System Settings, then click Displays.
2. Select your external display at the top of the window.
3. Choose Variable from the Refresh Rate pop-up menu. To stop using Adaptive Sync, choose one of the fixed refresh rates instead.
macOS Monterey:
4. Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, then click Displays.
5. Click Display Settings.
6. Select your external display in the sidebar.
7. Choose Variable from the Refresh Rate pop-up menu. To stop using Adaptive Sync, choose one of the fixed refresh rates instead.
Apple displays with ProMotion also adapt to the frame rate of the content. For those displays, you will see ProMotion instead of Variable in Display Settings.
Let us know if that helps.
Take care!