Straighten photos

Is your system version really still macOS 12.6, as shown below your question? Then the straighten tool is not a slider but the wheel with the degrees scale at the right border of the image. Crop and straighten photos in Photos on Mac – Apple Support (UK)

Only after the upgrade to macOS 13 you will see a straighten slider like on the iPhone. I prefer the old wheel, however.

The sliders for the horizontal and vertical corrections are also available on the Mac, but only after the upgrade to macOS 13 Ventura. Crop and straighten photos in Photos on Mac – Apple Support (UK)

The Ventura upgrade will bring you these tools:

It is funny, that Photos for Mac is frequently one step behind Photos iOS. I am getting quite accustomed to having to do my photos editing on my iPhone, before the same advanced tools will finally come to the Mac 😀 The same goes for editing videos.

I remember when you had to buy very expensive tilt-shift lenses to do that. It does seem silly that Photos on iPhone can do it and Photos on Mac doesn't. You should leave feedback for Apple here:

Feedback - Photos - Apple

You can, within Photos, access 3rd party programs like GraphicConverter to give you additional editing tools. I( haven't used tilt-shift in GC except for fooling around.)

You are going to have to describe what you want.

You can use the crop tool to move within a cropped image.

If you mean distortion correction, such as a tilt/shift lens, that is not available in Photos

Sure it does:

Crop and straighten photos in Photos on Mac - Apple Support

What a pity that the MBA 2017 has been left out. Ventura is working well on my MacBook Pro from 2017.