What is the make & model of the memory you installed? Macs are very picky about the memory used so most contributors on these forums will only recommend using memory from Crucial or OWC. Even then, you must use the exact part numbers listed when using the tools on their respective websites to identify the memory compatible with your exact model computer. You cannot just buy memory based on speed as there are a lot of other memory timings which are not listed by Apple which must be compatible as well.
With these laptops, the memory slot nearest the Bottom Case is known to fail frequently due to cracked solder joints. Try removing this stick of memory to see if that is the case. Also some compatibility issues only arise when two sticks of RAM are used (I still would not want to use a single stick of incompatible memory since you never know when an incompatability may end up causing a problem).
FYI, contrary to what @TheLIttles mentions, your Mac is capable of using 16GB of RAM. Apple does not official support 16GB of RAM, but OWC has tested that 16GB (8GB x 2) is compatible. Plus I've installed 16GB (8GB x 2) of RAM in our 2012 laptops without any problems (using the exact part numbers Crucial recommends for a Mac).