Hello Leo_Panthera,
Thanks for using the Apple Support Communities. We understand that the notification badge on your Phone app doesn't go away. We'll be happy to help with this.
When you have a free moment, go to Settings > Notifications > Phone and turn off Badges. Restart your iPhone, turn Badges back on in the Notification settings, and see if this helps. Please remember that while a restart can seem unimportant, it can resolve many minor issues with the device. Check out the articles below for more info.
Use notifications on your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support
Restart your iPhone - Apple Support
Also, make sure you’re on the latest iOS version as well. Go to Settings > General > Software Update. If an update is waiting, back up your iPhone, and then download and install the update. That could also help resolve this issue as well.
Update your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch
1) Back up your device using iCloud or your computer.
2) Plug your device into power and connect to the internet with Wi-Fi.
3) Go to Settings > General, then tap Software Update.
4) If you see more than one software update option available, choose the one that you want to install.

5) Tap Install Now. If you see Download and Install instead, tap it to download the update, enter your passcode, then tap Install Now. If you don't know your passcode, learn what to do.
If you’re still experiencing the same issue, reach back out to the community for more help.
Cheers!