Can you see other Apple ID that have logged in

No- if the previous owner has signed out and removed the device, you can't see who it is anymore. Is there a reason why you'd like to do so?

While you can't see other people's Apple IDs that were on your iPhone, you can see what devices are using your Apple ID currently. See here - Check your Apple ID device list to see where you're signed in - Apple Support

Check ⤵️

See who has access to your device or accounts

See who has access to your device or accounts – Apple Support (UK)

Check your Apple ID device list to see where you're signed in

Check your Apple ID device list to see where you're signed in - Apple Support

• if you see devices that don't belong to you, delete from your account.

See also -> vIf you think your Apple ID has been compromised

If you think your Apple ID has been compromised - Apple Support