Lost iPhone - how to get it back

Do NOT respond to the message asking for your Apple ID and password or any other personal information. This type of message is a scam run by the bad guys who are posing as Apple Support and trying to trick you into providing your log on information so that they can access all of the data on your phone.

If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolenOfficial Apple Support › en-us

they scammed you it's called phishing Phishing - Wikipedia

they got you to remove the activation lock so they can access the device

more reading

Identify legitimate emails from the App Store or iTunes Store - Apple Support

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Recognize and avoid phishing messages, phony support calls, and other scams - Apple Support

This is a user forum, you are not addressing apple here  just  fellow users

you can try contacting apple Support ->  Get Support (apple.com)

and or give them feedback -> Product Feedback - Apple

Sorry, but you'll never get it back. You supplied a crook with the info they needed to unlock and wipe the phone as new. Which means they also know the Apple ID and password to your iCloud account. Change that password immediately! Also any other passwords they may now have access to, such as your bank.

KEEP THE PHONE ON LOST MODE! It's useless to anyone while Activation Locked. I recommend giving the serial number to the authorities (if you have it).

If Find My doesn't work, you'll have to wait, or get a new phone.

No one here can tell you whether or not you might be able to get the phone back. Realistically speaking, the phone is gone.

Did you try the Find My feature to see if the phone would show up on a map?

If you know the approximate location where the phone was lost, about all that you can really do is look for the phone the old fashioned way......the same way you would look for your wallet or car keys if they are lost.

If the phone is powered off or not connected to the Internet, it won't be visible in Find My on a map.

What you can do is carefully follow the instructions in the Apple Support document.

If you had a passcode on the phone, there is no way that anyone would be able to guess what it might be. After 10 failed log on attempts, the phone will go into security lock out automatically.

apple can't legally trace products they sell to customers, any more than ford or Toyota can track the vehicles they sell

Apple will not help on lost or stolen phones. All that you can do is follow the information in the Apple Support document. If you know the location where you lost the phone, post notices there.