Need to install update Mac OS from 11.3.1 to 16.3, how?

The latest macOS version is 12.4.

The model year of a MacBook Pro is available at Apple menu > About This Mac.

A late 2013 and mid 2014 can be upgraded to the latest  version of Big Sur macOS 11 but no later. See: How to get old versions of macOS - Apple Support

An early 2015 or later can be upgraded to the current version of Monterey macOS 12. See: How to upgrade to macOS Monterey - Apple Support

Yes 11.3.1 dates back to May 6, 2021 Big Sur macOS 11.3.1 ( 20E241 )

Would suggest the follow Terminal commands and in depending order

The first command will only List all the Updates available for this computer

softwareupdate -l

The second command will List all the Full Versions available for this computer

softwareupdate --list-full-installers

What is the output of the second command ?