Can time machine to used to backup to the cloud a MacBook Pro Monterey 12.3.1

No.

Time Machine backs up to local storage, or to local Network Attached Storage.

Not to iCloud.

For off-site, some Network Attached Storage options can back up remotely.

There are also third-party local backup apps that can back up remotely.

Optionally-enabled iCloud files and documents can provide a remote copy (though that without depth-of-backup capabilities).

here is a list of disks TM can back up to - the cloud is not on the list

Backup disks you can use with Time Machine - Apple Support