resetting phone - backup

You don't just 'sign in again' after wiping your device, you would need to restore from your backup.

Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support

Restoring would bring all your apps and data back. There is always a chance that some app data doesn't come back if a certain app isn't managing the data properly. But the process of backing up and restoring is intended to work like you seek.

Your iPhone backup does not store the apps, just app data.. or things that are not already stored in iCloud.

The apps would be automatically re-downloaded when you restore and your Home Screen layout should be the same

Backup methods for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

the related article at the top of the page implies that you were already reading an article about transferring data to a new device. Is that what you are doing?

Or are you wanting to create a backup, wipe your device and then restore your backup to the same device?

If you are setting up a new device, the article you came here from should walk you thru the proper steps.

If you are doing the latter, the link I provided gives you some links. But maybe this one is better

How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

Yes, if you backup, your app data that you selected will be there