How can you recover erased phone data

Were you not checking to ensure that your device was backing up? If the only thing you were relying on was iCloud backup and you are seeing there is none, then you cannot recover your data.

Can I ask how does one accidentally erase their phone, since it takes multiple selections to get that done?

Merely turning Find My iPhone off and/or on would not erase an iPhone’s content.

Restore your most recent backup.