When I try to delete apps from my iPhone 10, I am not given the option to delete, only to remove from the Home Screen.

Go to settings>general>iPhone storage>tap the app>tap delete

If the delete option does not show up then go to settings>Screen Time>content & privacy restrictions>iTunes & App Store purchases>delete apps - set to allow

Turn off Screen Time, delete the app and turn Screen Time back on.

Tap "Edit Home Screen".

Then tap the - on the wiggling app icon...