Chargers

Fortunately the USB standard is universally recognized, including older USB standards and the current USB-C. So if the cable fits without forcing into any quality brand USB power source it is safe to use. The cable that comes with the iPhone 12 is USB-C, which will not fit into an older USB power source, but you can use the older cable that does fit.

Thanks karangambhir, , a useful addition to the question. To expand further, here are charger options, ranked in order of increasing charging speed:

1. iPhone “cube” 5W power source (this is the slowest)
2. Standard Qi 7.5 watt wireless charger
3. iPad 12 watt power source
4. USB-C 13 watt power source
5. Apple MagSafe 15 watt wireless charger
6. Apple USB-C 20 watt USB-C power source (this is the fastest)

For 3. actually any USB power source greater that 12 watts can be used, but the phone won’t take advantage on the higher current available.

For 6. Any USB-C power source greater than 20 watts can be used (such as a MacBook 61 watt power adapter) but won’t be any faster than the 20 watt.

Any ‘lightening’ port connector would go inside your phone and would not do any harm to your iPhone 12.

But your iPhone fast charges upto 20 W and if you want to charge your phone any faster than 12 W ( I pad ‘non pro’ charger ) then you would have to use a ‘type c to lightening cable’.

sure you can, it just won't charge very fast

no