Not all MP4 files are the same, and macOS doesn’t support every codec that can be packed into them.
Most of the time, when an MP4 file won’t open or plays without sound, it’s because the video or audio stream is using a codec that macOS doesn’t recognize. For example, macOS supports H.264 and HEVC (H.265) for video, but if the file is encoded with something older or less common, like an unusual MPEG-4 variant or VP9, it might not work. The same goes for audio - AAC is fine, but if the file uses DTS or AC3, you might get a silent video.
A quick way to check what’s inside the file is to open it with the built-in System Information tool (under the Apple menu > About This Mac > System Report > Media) or use a third-party file inspector to see the actual codecs. If the video is in an unsupported format, converting it to a more macOS-friendly codec like H.264/AAC is one option.
Another thing to watch out for is corrupted files. If an MP4 was only partially downloaded or encoded incorrectly, it might not open at all. You can sometimes test this by trying to play it on a different device - if it doesn’t work anywhere, chances are the file itself is the problem.
If you're running into this often, the simplest fix is to use a media player that supports a wider range of formats and codecs. macOS has built-in support for some, but not all, MP4 variations, and a good player will just open the file without making you think about what’s inside.