Unable to login to iCloud on PC - verification repeats indefinitely

When trying to log into iCloud on my PC I enter my password and receive a verification code on my phone. I enter that verification code on my PC but instead of logging me in or giving me an error message, the login screen returns where I must (again) enter my password. This cycle repeats indefinitely until eventually it fails. When I try again later, the same thing happens. My date & region are correct and I have the latest iCloud version installed.