Portion of email message covered up by meme sent via email from an Android user.

First line of email message is covered up by meme sent via email from an Android user. Viewing preferences haven't changed. This is appearing on an Apple M2 Pro running macOS Sequoia 15.6. The email and its content appear normal on iCloud.com and on my iPhone 13. All three devices are connected to iCloud and both the MacBook Pro and the iPhone are running current versions. (MacBook Pro - macOS Sequoia 15.6 and iPhone 13 - iOS 18.6.1