Why am I locked out of my Word documents after migration on Mac mini?

If the user id and/or group id associated with those Word documents was different on the old computer then you may see a red indicator on the filename in the Finder indicating a mismatch to your current user/group identity. You would need admin privileges and Terminal commands to change these document ownership and hence, permissions.

Did you install a current version of Microsoft 365 or either of Office 2021/2024 for Mac on the M4 Mac Mini with its new licensing? You cannot simply transfer the implementation of Microsoft Office from an older Mac to the M4 Mac.

As rkaufmann87 has mentioned, more specific information is needed going forward.

You don't explain how you accessing MS Word so there isn't a whole lot we can do. Microsoft offers Office 365, and has stand alone versions of MS Word in many various iterations so without you being VERY VERY specific we cannot help.

To add some additional information - it's possible that the older version of Word that you transferred is not compatible with the new computer's newer operating system. You need to upgrade Word to the currently available system.

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Are you able to open Word and generate a new document? If so then as already stated perhaps your documents are linked to different version of Word causing the issue