Same issue. Issue started with 15.4 and Numbers 14.4, and it continued with 15.4.1.
When I first save the file, it saves without the extension, but after a minute or two, the extension will suddenly appear. They can be hidden again with CMD-I, but they will reappear, even if no changes are made to the file.
I contacted support, and they weren't able to get it happen on their machine, but we did a screen share, and they saw it happening on both my machines.
They suggested reinstalling 15.4.1, saying "that will likely fix the issue." I knew that was a waste of time, but I did it anyway. The issue still persists. Went a step further and completely formatted my MacBook and then reinstalled the OS with the only software installed being the OS with stock apps, Pages and Numbers. Issue still persists.
They also advised creating a second user account to see if it still happens. It does.
Called support back, and the wanted to see the issue, so we screen shared and went through all the steps I'd gone through with the first advisor...again. Once they saw it, the advisor created an incident report and submitted it to engineering. They said they haven't had any other reports about this, so I would suggest calling them so they can see it's more than just me.
There are other Apple Discussions about it, and I showed them those so they could tell it wasn't just me. Your post (this one here) is new and wasn't available when I called them.
Kind of a lot of work for something I believe is an issue at Apple's end, but sometimes you gotta jump through the hoops.
This happens on both an M-series desktop and M-series MacBook. All software is up to date.