Apple is not a bank. Apple cannot verify your identity or the ownership of your device. Only the card issuer can verify you. The bank has the wrong primary contact information for you. Please contact the support team at your bank and ask them to update your primary contact information.
Adding additional verification
“A card issuer can decide whether a credit or debit card requires additional verification. Depending on what’s offered by the card issuer, the user may be able to choose between different options for additional verification, such as a text message, email, customer service call or a method in an approved third-party app to complete the verification. For text messages or email, the user selects from contact information the issuer has on file.
A code is sent, which must be entered into Apple Wallet, Settings or the Apple Watch
app. For customer service or verification using an app, the issuer performs their own communication process.”
Card provisioning security overview - Apple Support