"the solution for me was very simple and strange"
Mac Mini M4 Pro. MacOS 15.5. 43" LG C4 TV x2 used as dual monitors. The LG TV used to extend the display started intermittently not being recognized after updating to 15.4.1, then was never recognized after updating to 15.5.
I tried everything after scouring the Internet without even temporary success. Ultimately I was limping along using the second monitor via ApplePlay at far less than its 4k resolution as the Mac Mini through Thunderbolt 5 port through USB C to HDMI adapter ("Cable Matters 48Gbps USB C to HDMI 2.1 Adapter for macOS, Supports 8K@60Hz / 4K@240Hz HDR, Thunderbolt 4 to HDMI 2.1 Adapter, Compatible with Thunderbolt 5 Laptops") through 10k HDMI 2.1 cable (10K 8K HDMI Cable 5-Pack 6.6FT, HDMI 2.1 Cable Bulk Ultra High Speed 48Gbps 8K@60Hz, 4K@120Hz Braided HDMI Cord eARC, HDR10, HDCP2.2&2.3) to the LG C4 TV.
I pulled the HDMI cable, flipped it, and then it worked again.
For about 1 minute, then the 2nd TV being used to extend the display was again not recognized by the MacMini.
I then pulled the HDMI cable only from the TV for a few seconds and after plugging the cable back into the TV the Mac Mini again recognize the 2nd TV and appropriately extended the display. (Previously detaching and reattaching the cable from the Mac Mini, switching ports on the Mac Mini, detaching and reattaching the adapter from the HDMI cable were without benefit.)
(Still working after 2 hours, so keeping fingers crossed!)