How do I turn off my stolen device protection without Face ID?

Try this https://uk.pcmag.com/apple-serie/140003/how-to-temporarily-disable-face-id-on-your-iphone

Face ID is a cool and efficient way to authenticate yourself on an iPhone. Just one glance at the screen, and your phone unlocks. But facial recognition has its detractors.

What if you're ever in a situation where someone else is trying to access your phone using Face ID? Your device could have gone missing, and now someone may by trying to spoof Face ID. There may even be a situation where you’re being forced to unlock your own phone by someone who’s attempting to gain access.

To protect against these instances, you can permanently shut off Face ID. To do this, go to Settings > Face ID & Passcode. Enter your password and then turn off the toggle for iPhone Unlock. However, Face ID can also be disabled on a temporary basis—such as when you're at a protest—and it can be done quickly and discreetly if necessary.

But first, remember that disabling Face ID means that you’ll then need to use your passcode to access your phone. If you're going to temporarily turn off Face ID for any reason, you want to make sure your passcode is as strong as possible. In that case, a four-digit code might not be up to snuff. Instead, consider a longer numeric or even alphanumeric code, which you can create by tapping the Passcode Options link when you try to change your passcode.