I’m having the same problem, and it just started today. This is on my iPhone SE, running iOS 18.2 for the past few days. At the moment this is affecting only one of my email accounts (knock on wood), and I have several using the same mail server. It’s odd to me that this is just now occurring days after upgrading the iOS, and just weird it’s affecting one mail account.
I think that Apple is focusing so much on making the aesthetics of the user interface so cutesy-poo, that they’ve simply neglected to ensure that the functionality is actually working consistently. After reading through this thread I am both surprised and not, that this has been a known issue for months, and that Apple has apparently not given a single f*** about fixing it. It seems, to me anyhow, that their coders are suffering from the dreaded ID10T error. Either that, or this is part of the SKYNET takeover.