iPhone stuck on "Syncing (Step 3 of 4) -- Determining tracks to sync"

I've got sync turned off for pretty much everything (Music, Movies, TV Shows, Podcasts, Audiobooks, Books, Photos), but when I plug my iPhone (12 pro max, iOS 15.6) into my macbook (intel core i9 running macOS Monterey 12.6.2), the sync gets stuck at:

Syncing (Step 3 of 4) -- Determining tracks to sync

I'd like to be able to back up the iPhone, but I cannot get that far, since it's stuck trying to figure out what it wants to sync.

Since there's no way to cancel this sync determination step, I have to use the Finder eject option to do so.

If I disable the "Automatically sync when this iPhone is connected" option, it's back on when I try again next.