Ah, now I see where you want to go with this. You want a compromise for the short run, not necessarily a robust solid solution for daily use.
Macs do not charge simply by asserting a voltage against the power inlet. They require a power-level negotiation, which even the original MagSafe-1 performed with its smart power adapter. Later power adapters use a different protocol, but those adapters you speak of may translate.
Provided you use a substantial power adapter at least the wattage of the original (about 80 watts or higher in this case) damage is unlikely, regardless of what you use. IF it charges at all, it will likely do so appropriately, because the COMPUTER is in command of the entire process, and it will never over-charge.
Using a far too small power adapter could be problematic, except for emergency charging when the computer is nominally off.