Microsoft haven't actually turned off POP, it's still supported and will be in the future. What they have turned off is basic password authentication. They now only support what they term "modern" authentication, which is more widely known as "OAuth2".
Apple's Mail app only supports OAuth2 authentication with Exchange accounts, but not POP. So you're out of luck with the Mail app if your only option is to use POP.
You could try alternative mail apps until your provider sorts out Exchange account access. One Mac client that supports POP with OAuth2 authentication is Thunderbird, from Mozilla. I can personally vouch for that one working (make sure you choose "OAuth2" as the "Authentication method" when setting up the POP account). I haven't tried alternative iOS mail clients, though.
Hope that's of some help.