Can an off stolen phone be tracked

https://9to5mac.com/2021/07/21/ios-15-here-are-the-devices-that-support-find-my-when-turned-off/

https://www.macrumors.com/guide/find-my-network-accessory-program/

Starting with iOS 15 certain models of iPhones can be tracked even if powered down, starting with the iPhone 11 by using Apple’s Find My Network (enabled by default). When I start to turn off my iPhone 13 I get a message that says “This device can still be tracked even if powered down."

Now, of course, if the battery is completely drained and no power is available that’s a different story altogether.

If you want to track the phone........

Find My must be enabled on the phone

The phone must be powered on

The phone must have a good Internet connection

No.