There must be a way to sync my app folders from my iPhone to my new iPad?

Hello,

To my knowledge syncing dynamically home screen layout (like photos) is not possible.

However, if you want to sync your iPhone's home screen layout (once), make a backup from your iPhone, then restore that backup on your iPad.

Here's how to create a backup: How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

Here's how to restore the backup: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204184

Sorry, but this is simply not possible.

Apple do invite submission of feature requests via its Product Feedback portal:

Feedback - iPad - Apple

For automatic file and data synchronisation, you should be using iCloud - this providing synchronisation services between your Apple devices.

Both your iPad and iPhone can store data and files either on the device (i.e., “On My iPad” or “On My iPhone”) or in iCloud.

When accessing files stored in iCloud that have not been previously accessed by the device, a copy is downloaded and locally stored on the device - providing instant access. If the file is modified, the iCloud copy is updated and synchronised to other devices when next accessed.

iCloud User Guide - Apple Support

Some Apps are able to natively synchronise their data using iCloud. For those able to do so, they must be explicitly enabled in iCloud settings - where you will find all the services and Apps that can use iCloud:

Settings > [Your Name / AppleID] > iCloud - enable and configure Apps and services as required

You could try to restore your iPad from a recent backup of your iPhone, but not all apps on your phone are compatible with your iPad, and you might have to download the iPad version in such cases, if they exist.

You cannot automatically synchronise the layout of Apps and App folders of your iPad and iPhone Home Screens. For the devices to have similar layout, you must manually arrange the icons.

Insofar as arranging Apps and App folders to match between devices is possible, consider that the size and aspect ratio of the iPad and iPhone are substantially different. As such, it is impossible to completely “mirror” the appearance of Home Screen on one device to that of the other.