I forgot my passcode

Sorry, but no.

If your iPhone is running iOS 15.2 or higher, you can use the instructions linked just below which will not require the use of a Mac or PC:

How to reset your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch when you forgot your passcode - Apple Support

If you are not sure which operating system is installed on your iPhone, please use the link below, which will require the use of a Mac or PC.

If you forgot your iPhone passcode - Apple Support

If you have a backup of the phone, you can use the backup to restore the data on the phone during the new setup.

To answer your question, there is no way to open a disabled phone without erasing the data. That’s why backups (and especially automatic nightly backups) are essential.