How to get clipboard & copied history

best you can do is to paste

Select, cut, copy, and paste text on iPhone - Apple Support

How to get clipboard & copied history

There is no history from Copy -> Paste.

There is no clipboard on the iPhone.

If you want to copy a hyperlink or text, please highlight it first and then click Copy and Paste in Note, Email, Pages etc.

In this case, the term copy to clipboard is used to indicate that what you want to copy (a hyperlink or text) is remembered by the iPhone's memory until you paste it somewhere.

See also the following Apple articles:

Select, cut, copy, and paste text on iPhone

Select, cut, copy, and paste text on iPhone – Apple Support (UK)

Use Universal Clipboard to copy and paste between your Apple devices

Use Universal Clipboard to copy and paste between your Apple devices - Apple Support